200, quai Charles de Gaulle, Lyon, France| sworn = | unsworn = | multinational = | electeetype = | minister1name = | minister1pfo = | chief1name = Khoo Boon Hui | chief1position = President | chief2name = Ronald Noble | chief2position = Secretary General | child1agency = | unittype = | unitname = | officetype = | officename = | stationtype = National Central Bureau | stations = 187 | lockuptype = | lockups = | vehicle1type = | vehicles1 = | boat1type = | boats1 = | aircraft1type = | aircraft1 = | animal1type = | animals1 = | website = http://www.interpol.int/ | footnotes = }} Interpol headquarters in Lyon, France. Interpol, whose full name is the International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL,[1] is an organization facilitating international police cooperation. It was established as the International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 and adopted its telegraphic address as its common name in 1956. Its membership of 188 countries provides finance of around $59 million through annual contributions. The organization's headquarters are in Lyon, France. It is the second largest intergovernmental organization after the United Nations. Its current Secretary-General is Ronald Noble, formerly of the United States Treasury. Jackie Selebi, National Commissioner of the South African Police Service, was president from 2004 but resigned on 13 January 2008, later being charged in South Africa on three counts of corruption and one of defeating the course of justice. He was replaced by Arturo Herrera Verdugo, current National Commissioner of Policía de Investigaciones de Chile and former vice president for the American Zone, who remained acting president until the organization meeting in October 2008,[2] and was subsequently replaced by Commissioner of Police Singapore Police Force, Khoo Boon Hui. In order to maintain as politically neutral a role as possible, Interpol's constitution forbids its involvement in crimes that do not overlap several member countries,[3] or in any political, military, religious, or racial crimes.[4] Its work focuses primarily on public safety, terrorism, organized crime, crimes against humanity, genocide, war crimes, piracy, illicit drug production, drug trafficking, weapons smuggling, human trafficking, money laundering, child pornography, white-collar crime, computer crime, intellectual property crime and corruption. In 2008, the Interpol General Secretariat employed a staff of 588, representing 84 member countries. The Interpol public website received an average of 2.2 million page visits every month. Interpol issued 3,126 red notices for the year 2008 which led to the arrest of 718 people.[5] Contents History Methodology Member states and sub-bureaux Secretaries-general and presidents History Interpol was founded in Austria in 1923 as the International Criminal Police (ICP). Following the Anschluss (Austria's annexation by Nazi Germany) in 1938, the organization fell under the control of Nazi Germany and the Commission's headquarters were eventually moved to Berlin in 1942. It is unclear, however, if and to what extent the ICPC files were used to further the goals of the Nazi regime. However, from 1938 to 1945, the presidents of Interpol included Otto Steinhäusl (a general in the SS), Reinhard Heydrich (a general in the SS, and chair of the Wannsee Conference that appointed Heydrich the chief executor of the "Final solution to the Jewish question"), Arthur Nebe (a general in the SS, and Einsatzgruppen leader, under whose command at least 46,000 people were killed), and Ernst Kaltenbrunner (a general in the SS, the highest ranking SS officer executed after the Nuremberg Trial). After the end of World War II in 1945, the organization was revived as the International Criminal Police Organization by European Allies of World War II officials from Belgium, France, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom. Its new headquarters were established in Saint-Cloud, a town on the outskirts of Paris. They remained there until 1989, when they were moved to their present location, Lyon. Methodology I­nterpol differs from most law-enforcement agencies -- agents don't really make arrests themselves, and there's no Interpol jail where criminals are taken. The agency functions as an administrative liaison between the law-enforcement agencies of the member countries, providing communications and database assistance. This is vital when fighting international crime because language, cultural and bureaucratic differences can make it difficult for officers of different nations to work together. For example, if FBI officers track a terrorist to Italy, they may not know who to contact in the Polizia di Stato, if the Polizia Municipale has jurisdiction over some aspect of the case, or who in the Italian government needs to be notified of the FBI's involvement. The FBI can contact the Interpol National Central Bureau in Italy, which will act as a liaison between the United States and Italian law-enforcement agencies. Interpol's databases help law enforcement see the big picture of international crime. While other agencies have their own extensive crime databases, the information rarely extends beyond one nation's borders. Interpol can track criminals and crime trends around the world. They maintain collections of fingerprints and mug shots, lists of wanted persons, DNA samples and travel documents. Their lost and stolen travel document database alone contains more than 12 million records. They also analyze all this data and release information on crime trends to the member countries. A secure worldwide communications network allows Interpol agents and member countries to contact each other at any time. Known as I-24/7, the network offers constant access to Interpol's databases. While the National Central Bureaus are the primary access sites to the network, some member countries have expanded it to key areas such as airports and border access points. Member countries can also access each other's criminal databases via the I-24/7 system. In the event of an international disaster, terrorist attack or assassination, Interpol can send an incident response team. This team can offer a range of expertise and database access to assist with victim identification, suspect identification and the dissemination of information to other nations' law enforcement agencies. And, at the request of local authorities, they can act as a central command and logistics operation to coordinate other law enforcement agencies involved in a case. Such teams were deployed 12 times in 2005. Member states and sub-bureaux Sub-bureaux shown in italics. |col2 = |col3 = |col4 = }} Secretaries-general and presidents Secretaries-general since organization's inception in 1923: Oskar Dresslerto 1946France}} Louis Duclouxto 1951France}} Marcel Sicotto 1963France}} Jean Népoteto 1978France}} André Bossardto 1985UK}} Raymond Kendallto 2000USA}} Ronald Noblesince 2000 Presidents since organization's inception in 1923: Johann Schoberto 1932Austria}} Franz Brandlto 1934Austria}} Eugen Seydelto 1935Austria}} Michael Skublto 1938Nazi Germany}} Otto Steinhäuslto 1940Nazi Germany}} Reinhard Heydrichto 1942Nazi Germany}} Arthur Nebeto 1943Nazi Germany}} Ernst Kaltenbrunnerto 1945Belgium}} Florent Louwageto 1956Portugal}} Agostinho Lourençoto 1960UK}} Richard Jacksonto 1963Finland}} Fjalar Jarvato 1964Belgium}} Firmin Franssento 1968West Germany}} Paul Dickopfto 1972Canada}} William Leonard Higgittto 1976Sweden}} Carl Perssonto 1980Philippines|1981}} Jolly Bugarinto 1984USA}} John Simpsonto 1988France}} Ivan Barbotto 1992Canada}} Norman Inksterto 1994Sweden}} Björn Erikssonto 1996Japan}} Toshinori Kanemototo 2000Spain}} Jesús Espigares Mirato 2004South Africa}} Jackie Selebito 2008Chile}} Arturo Herrera Verdugoacting president until the General Assembly in Saint Petersburg in October 2008, and candidate for the President on that General AssemblySingapore}} Khoo Boon Huisince Oct 2008 Non-member countries (Republic of China) See also Europol, a similar EU-wide organization. International Criminal Court Interpol Terrorism Watch List U.S. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS), United States Department of State References External links Official website Deflem, Mathieu. 2000. "Bureaucratization and Social Control: Historical Foundations of International Policing." Law & Society Review 34(3):601–640. Deflem, Mathieu. 2002. "The Logic of Nazification: The Case of the International Criminal Police Commission (Interpol)", ''International Journal of Comparative Sociology'' 43(1):21–44. http://www.cas.sc.edu/socy/faculty/deflem/znazinterpol.pdf Deflem, Mathieu, and Lindsay C. Maybin. 2005. "Interpol and the Policing of International Terrorism: Developments and Dynamics since September 11." Pp. 175–191 in Terrorism: Research, Readings, & Realities, edited by Lynne L. Snowden and Brad Whitsel. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005. ar:منظمة شرطة الجرائم الدولية zh-min-nan:Kok-chè Hêng-sū Kéng-chhat Cho͘-chit bs:Interpol (Međunarodna kriminalističko-policijska organizacija) bg:Интерпол cs:Interpol da:Interpol de:Interpol el:Ιντερπόλ es:Interpol eo:Interpol fa:پلیس بین‌الملل fr:Interpol ko:국제 형사 경찰 기구 hi:इण्टरपोल hr:Interpol id:Interpol is:Interpol it:Interpol he:אינטרפול hu:Interpol ml:ഇന്റർപോൾ ms:Interpol mwl:Interpol nl:Interpol ja:国際刑事警察機構 no:Interpol pl:Interpol pt:Interpol ro:Interpol ru:Интерпол simple:Interpol sk:Interpol sl:Interpol sr:Интерпол fi:Interpol sv:Interpol ta:சர்வதேச காவல் துறை (இன்டர்போல்) th:องค์การตำรวจอาชญากรรมระหว่างประเทศ tg:Интерпол tr:Interpol vi:Interpol fiu-vro:Interpol zh:国际刑警组织

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